25 Cost by Nature

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Expenses are presented by function in the income statement. Supplementary information on the expenses by nature is detailed below.

Cost of Materials
The total cost of materials was € 5.153 billion and € 5.470 billion for the years ending December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Personnel Expenses
Personnel expenses were as follows:

Personnel Expenses
€ in millions
  Year ending Dec. 31
   2007  2006
 
 
Wages and salaries 1,133 942
Social security contributions 92 92
Pension expense 54 53
Personnel expenses 1,279 1,087
   

Personnel expenses which are directly attributable to the production costs of goods are included within the cost of sales.

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