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Gross Group deferred tax assets and liabilities before valuation allowances and appropriate offsettings are attributable to the items detailed in the table below:
Deferred Taxes
€ in millions
  Dec. 31
2007
Dec. 31
2006
 
 
Non-current assets 75
58
Current assets 112
117
Accrued liabilities and provisions 143
136
Accumulated tax loss carry-forwards 203
156
  533
467
Valuation allowances (71) (67)
Deferred tax assets 462
400
Non-current assets 420
500
Current assets 47
37
Accrued liabilities and provisions 130
53
Deferred tax liabilities  597
 590
Deferred tax assets, net  (135)  (190)
   

As a result of the acquisition of Reebok International Ltd. (USA) and its subsidiaries in 2006 that was accounted for under the purchase method  see Note 4, deferred tax liabilities were recorded as the difference between the carrying amount and the tax basis of acquired assets.

Group deferred tax assets recognized for actual existing and unused accumulated tax loss carry-forwards amounted to € 203 million for the year ending December 31, 2007 and mainly relate to the US tax group.

Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that the realization of the related benefit is probable. Valuation allowances are established where this criterion is not met, based on the past performance and the prospects of the respective business for the foreseeable future.

Valuation allowances, which relate to deferred tax assets of companies whose realization of the related tax benefits is not probable, increased on a currency-neutral basis by € 4 million to € 71 million for the year ending December 31, 2007. These amounts mainly relate to unused foreign tax credits of the US tax group, which expire in a relatively short period and cannot be carried forward indefinitely. Remaining valuation allowances relate to deferred tax assets of companies operating in certain emerging markets, since the realization of the related benefit is not considered probable.

The Group does not recognize deferred tax liabilities for unremitted earnings of non-German subsidiaries to the extent that they are expected to be permanently invested in international operations. These earnings, the amount of which cannot be practicably computed, could become subject to additional tax if they were remitted as dividends or if the Group were to sell its shareholdings in the subsidiaries. 

Tax Expenses
Tax expenses are split as follows:

Income Tax Expenses
€ in millions
  2007  Year ending Dec. 31
 2006
   
 
Current tax expenses 286
213
Deferred tax expenses / (income) (26) 14
Income tax expenses 260
227
   

The effective tax rate of the Group differs from an assumed tax rate of 40 % as follows:
 

Tax Rate Reconciliation
 
    Year ending Dec. 31
2007 
  Year ending Dec. 31
2006
  € in millions
in %
€ in millions in %
         
Expected income tax expenses 326
40,0
289
40,0
Tax rate differentials (122) (15.0) (109) (15.1)
Other non-deductible expenses 57
7,0
24
3.3
Losses for which benefits
  were not recognizable and
  changes in valuation
  allowances
8
1,0
15
2.0
Changes in tax rates   (19) (2.4)

Other, net 2
0.2
2
0.3
  252
30.8
221
30.5
Withholding tax expenses 8
1.0
6
0.9
Income tax expenses 260
31.8
227
31.4
   

For 2006, other non-deductible expenses include a tax benefit of € 21 million related to the favorable resolution of international tax disputes for prior years.

In 2007, tax rate changes reflect changes enacted in German and non-German tax rates which were utilized for the calculation of the deferred tax assets and liabilities. The total change relates mainly to a UK tax rate reduction effective in 2008.

 



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